Nepal Flu Pandemic: Causes and Solutions

Nepal Flu Pandemic Ca engagements and SolutionsShort notes on the flu, grippe and Pandemic flu also cal lead as flu, is a respiratory illness that is caused by a virus. Flu is highly contagious and is usually spread by the coughs and sneezes of a person who is corrupted. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 5% to 15% of the earthly concerns race is infected by flu each year.The symptoms of flu arHigh temperature, Joints and limbs pain, headache, fatigue, gastro intestinal symptoms that linger for about a week.The Precautions that should be taken during flu attack beStay at home stave off contact with other the great unwashedKeep yourself warm and rest drink down plenty of liquidsAvoid alcoholThrough vaccination that protects you for about 2 weeksThere are three types of flu viruses ie infuenza A, grippe B and influenza C. Types A and B viruses are the cause of seasonal epidemics and it infect about 20% population of the world each year. The type C influenza vir us may cause respiratory illness of crackers nature but is not responsible for epidemics. Proteins on the surface of influenza A viruses can be divided into subtypes the hemagglutinin (H) and the neuraminidase (N). 16 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 9 different neuraminidase subtypes are known to exist. A H1N1 and H3N2 are the current subtypes of influenza A viruses found in people. There are no B virus subtypes, but there are different influenza B virus strains.PandemicA pandemic is a global infirmity outbreak. It needs global resources to contain the effect of disease. Influenza pandemic way a global outbreak of disease caused by a spick-and-span type of virus. The past evidences and study suggest that flu pandemic virus spread in all part of the globe within sextette to nine months. Due to the changed scenario of the world ie globalization and speed of agate line travel, influenza pandemic could spread much more quickly. A pandemic usually occur in waves but all part s of the world may not be affected at the same eon. The records of pandemic in the world areSpanish influenza killed 40-50 billion people in 1918.Asian influenza killed 2 million people in 1957.Hong Kong influenza killed 1 million people in 1968.Water, Sanitation and hygienics Promotion ClusterThe aim of any launder program is to farm personal and environmental hygienics in order to protect health.. An useful WASH program comprises of reading exchange between the agency and the chance-affected populationIdentification of key hygiene problemsFormulation of Culturally appropriate solutions fit the optimal use of all water supply and sanitation facilities lend oneself safe hygiene and positive impact in public health .hygienics promotion is of the essence(p) for a successful WASH intervention. The focalize onHygiene promotion is general and specific. In general stipulations, hygiene promotionIs integral to all of the sections and is reflected in the indicators for watersupply , excreta disposal, sender reign, solid waste wariness and drainage.In 2005,in order to bring up predictability, obligation and partnership, Humanitarian Reform agendum introduced the clop approach with a scant(p) mandate for upward(a) coordination in emergencies. The Global Water Sanitation and Hygiene Cluster is a partnership grouping 32 partners and aiming at improving the coordination and the add-on response in the WASH Sector.The main pillars of WASH crowd areEffective coordination and capacityTimely operational support to subject WASH coordination programs response as neededImproved extremity eagernessAccountability and learning to facilitates effective WASH gang operationsOperational advocacy for WASH (Cluster, 2013)WASH Cluster in NepalThe WASH cluster is led by the Ministry of Urban Development and co-led by UNICEF in Nepal. The WASH cluster is operational in Nepal since 2008 to respond to the displace people of Koshi Flooding.WASH looks after the water sa nitation and hygiene of vulnerable communities. Its activities include long term resilience of the community through sustained waste access, water supply, initial need requirement assessment at the time of emergency places to pucker information on minimum water quantities required, minimum number of stack and public places required, monitoring of water and excreta related disease transmission, abode water treatments, and solid waste management.The main focus of the cluster is on the followingHygiene PromotionExcreta disposalVector controlSolid waste managementProper drainage governancesThe WASH cluster in Nepal has made a watchfulness status in fibre of an earthquake scenario in Kathmandu. According to the report, the water demand of Kathmandu valley is approx. 320 million per day where as the current supply is 160 million per day. UNICEF conducted seismic vulnerability mapping of the drinking water supply system in 2003 along with the capacity mapping in 2008. The cluster h as prepared a contingency plan with the participation of Government of Nepal, UN and other I/NGOs. UNICEF has made 22,000 shopworn hygiene kits available along with prepositioned stock of WASH supplies that include water tanks, toilet slabs, buckets, and water treatment equipment. native attend Calamity ( time out) Fund 2063 of NepalA Prime Minister Disaster comfort caudex release policy 2063 was formulated to set up a Prime diplomatic minister resi callable fund and to define the policy for the use of hiatus fund so that effective attention can be offerd to the happening victims. The Fund is operated by the mission of 8 members, secretary from the Prime minister means being the secretary. All the amount of the fund is deposited in Nepal Rastra Bank or any other bank. The amount of the fund shall be operated with the signature of at least two persons. The committee can grapple its rights of using fund with CNDRC or DDRC as per requirement.The fund comprises the amount accepted fromThe aid precondition by members of government serviceThe amount given by NGO, INGos , industrialist, NRN , citizensAid providing country , foreign NGOOther sourcesThe fund can only be used for following purpose deport of the chance victim and protection of property.Temporary bivouac establishmentTo provide Emergency food, medicine , aid, clothes and educationMedical treatment of those hurt due to disasterAid for pulseless system management.Disaster readying and awarenessDebris removal and managementAid for Shelter reflection and rehabilitationThe fund operation committee comprises following members Vice-Chairperson National supplying commission depository MOHASecretary Ministry of local developmentSecretary Ministry of state and HealthSecretary Ministry of water ResourcesSecretary Ministry of Agriculture developmentSecretary Ministry of physical planning and constructionSecretary Coordinator, Office of Prime minister and council of ministers.The accounts and Audits is maintained in accordance of the prevalent law.National Relief amount 2064 of NepalThe National relief standard 2064 was formulated as a rule of thumb for providing pecuniary assistance to the disaster victims. It was amended in 2064 and 2069. This relief standard comprises ofRescue preparedness managementEmergency Relief and Rescue learning management, Supervision and EvaluationRescue preparedness managementCentral disaster relief committee arranges for standby search and birth satisfyings for immediate response. essay assessment and hazard mapping for minimizing risk and warehousing of relief material in centre, regional and regularize level.Identify the type of disaster the district is vulnerable to . Maintenance of standby skilled manpower at least 25 .For search and Rescue , in all 75 districts , obstetrical delivery equipments are warehoused and 25 persons are kept standby.Provision of central disaster relief fund of 7 lakh and District disaster relief fu nd 3 lakh.Socials worker, Ngos should coordinate with LDRC for public awareness about disaster management.The displace people should be organized in a camp that is established in a open space other than train and healthpost.DDRC should coordinate national and international Search and Rescue team.Emergency fork out and aid distributionDDRC should provide 40000 for the family of person who die in a disaster.If a house and food crops are destroyed due to disaster, for emergency sustainment of life Rs 5000 per family is given.If camp has to be organized, DDRC should coordinate MOHA.If food and financial aid is to be provided, the dilate should be sending to MOHA.The aid should be provided through either LDRC or DDRC. The presence of elected Member of parliament/ leaders of all political parties encouraged.If the situation of local displacement is bounteous upto 20,000 aid can be provided after the decision of DDRC. For the contingency situation CNDRC can provide additional 15000/ F amily.The treatment of disaster victim in governmental hospital is free. RS 1000 to be provided for further care.For the rehabilitation and reconstructive memory Ministry of forest should provide subsided wood.If any member of disaster victim family wants to go for foreign employment, DDRC should recommend to Department od labor and transferee.The victims of Earthquake , Flood, Landslide, Thunderstrom, Strom, polar web , Snow Fall , Air, road accident and boat turtle due to disaster are only liable for aid.CDO can dribble Upto Rs 5000, through the decision of DDRC.The actions mentioned above can only be utilise by DDRC within the 30 days of disaster.Information management, Supervision and armed forces rankA website of National focal point should be made for information dissemination.NEOC and CDO office should update the statistics of central and district level of disaster and save it annually.RDRC should evaluate and supervise the work of DDRC at least one time a year and se nd report to CNDRC.CNDRC should deploy supervision and war machine rating team to monitor the activities of RDRC and DDRC .Nepal Government provided medal and prize for those who do praiseworthy work during disaster.Dead Body management Guidelines 2068During disaster response the idle em trunk management is equally important as search and rescue actions. Dead eubstance management guidelines was endorsed to guide the concerned stakeholders for effective collection, transport, storage, acknowledgement and funeral of the drained body so that at peace(predicate) body can be managed and the community need not bear further loss due to the effect of mismanaged all in(p)ened body. The dead body management guidelines was approved by council of ministers in 2068 and thus implemented. The aim of this guidelines is to make a standard run procedure to lawfully manage dead body effectively byAssigning responsibility to an agency for dead body management in central and district level.De fining the role and responsibilities of concerned stakeholdersProvide platform for preparednessCapacity buildingTraining and awareness for proper search, transport, storage, assignment and management of dead body.Information sharingThe organizational system for dead body ManagementThe central responsibility of management of dead body is of MOHA and NEOC.In district level the responsibility of dead body management is of DDRC and CDO office.There is provision of dead body management committee in every districts that comprise of 8 member that includes members of the Nepal Police, Armed Police Force, Hospitals, Army, reddish Cross and DDR The secretary of the committee is the CDO of each district.The effective dead body management meansSearch and collection of dead body The dead body should be searched immediately and should be stored , identified and perform funeral rituals in appropriate manner. The following points should be considered while searching a dead bodySecurity clearance of dead bodyThe security system of relief workers corresponding use of boot, gloves and personal safety equipments.Each dead body should be given different number. If the body is shattered each parts should be given a different number. onward wrapping up a dead body four pictures from different angle ie face , whole body , body below chest , body above knee should be taken .Identification form should be carry throughed.Transportation of Dead Body Dead body should be transported to morgue. Before transporting the dead body IdentificationSecure the dead body and transport with due respectDead body should be covered.Ambulance should not be used.Storage and preservation of dead body Hospitals and private hospitals can be usedIdentification of dead bodyBy primary methods like fingerprints , forensic deontology , radiology, DNABy secondary methods like observation, photograph , details , clothes etc.Verification of dead body Post mortem information collection and Ante mortem Data co llectionFinal management of dead bodySet priorityIssue dead certificateHandover the dead body to the concernedInformation and converse managementMedia managementCrisis communicationAid to VictimEstablish family communication centerProvide psycho social aidCapacity Building program The program to enhance the capacity to manage the dead body effectively should be endorsed. forget Agency Standing CommitteeInter agency standing committee (IASC) was established in June 1992 after the resolution of General Assembly 46/182 with the prime aim of inter agency coordination of human-centered assistance. It is a gathering where the key UN and non-UN humanist partners are involved. Under the leadership of Emergency Relief coordinator, the IASCDevelop humanitarian policiesDivision of responsibilities on various aspects of humanitarian assistanceIdentifies and addresses gaps in responseAdvocates for effective application of humanitarian principles.The key principles of IASC areRespect for man dates IASC respect the mandates of individual organizations.Ownership All organization throw off equal ownershipOverall objective is to support humanitarian actionRelevance to field operationsSubsidiarity decisions taken at the near appropriate level as agreed by IASCImpartiality of secretariatFull members of the IASC areThe nutrition and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)The joined nations office for the coordination of Humanitarian Affairs(OCHA)The United Nations Development Program(UNDP)The United Nations Human settlement Programme(HABITAT)The United nations High Commissioner for refugee(UNHCR)The United Nations Children Fund(UNICEF)The United Nation Population Fund(UNFPA)The World Food Programme(WFP) andTheWorld Health Organisation(WHO).Standing invitees of the IASC areICRC outside(a) council for voluntary agencies(ICVA)IFRCInterActionInternational Organisation for Migration(IOM),Office of the high Commisiioner for human Rights,Steering committee for humanitarian ResponseandWo rld BankDescribe Cluster Approach focusing on NepalA cluster is a group of organization working together to improve the humanitarian response.Humanitarian coordinator leads the cluster at country level. In 2005, in order to enhance predictability, accountability and partnership, Humanitarian Reform Agenda introduced the cluster approach with a clear mandate for improving coordination in emergencies.Cluster approach id used for any major and new emergencies. The some(prenominal) criteria that triggers the activation of cluster are Lack of capacity on countryMulti sector responseWide Range of ActorsThe decision lies primary in field.After the disaster the initial need and gap assessment is done. To fill the gap the appropriate sectors are activated by the humanitarian coordinator in close consultation with the Humanitarian country Team.Explain UN Civil force Coordination in your own wordsUn civic and military coordination is an inherent dialog and interaction between civilian an d military actors in humanitarian emergencies unavoidable to promote and promote humanitarian principals, avoid competition , besmirch inconsistency and when appropriate pursue common goals. (OCHA). Coordination is generally a shared responsibility. It is facilitated by liaison and joint training. The basic elements of UN civil military coordination areInformation sharingTask divisionPlanningUnited Nations Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination (UN-CMCoord) is intrinsic for the establishment and protection of the ideal humanitarian operating environment in emergencies. Cooperation and co-existence are two strategies that can be applied in reliable emergency contexts. However competition and conflict may still occur. It is essential that in the times of disaster, the military and civilian actors involved in response, essential coordinate in critical areas in order to enhance cooperation and co-existence and minimize competition and conflict.The critical areas for cooperation can be security, logistics, transportation, communications, health and information.Primary Tasks Associated with the UN-Civil Military coordination function are Support the establishment and sustainment of dialogue with military forces.Assist in the development and dissemination of guidelines for the humanitarian communitys interaction with military forces and armed actors.Establish a mechanism for the coordination of the UN humanitarian interaction with military forces and other armed actors.Monitor assistance activities undertaken by the military forces.Assist in the negotiation of issues in critical areas of coordination.UN civil military coordination is a broad framework that integrates the effort of civilian and military and guides political and military actors on how best to support the humanitarian action. ground on internationally agreed guidelines, a context-specific policy is developed that establishes humanitarian civil-military coordination structures, ensuring staff m embers are well trained to make that coordination work. UN-civil military coordination is essential in complex emergencies order to facilitate humanitarian access, the protection of civilians and the security of humanitarian aid workers. (OCHA)